A New Hope in the Fight Against Bilharzia in Uganda
Bilharzia, also known as Schistosomiasis, is a parasitic disease that poses a significant public health challenge in Uganda. It affects over 7.4 million people, with the highest prevalence among those living in fishing communities and areas with poor sanitation. This neglected tropical disease (NTD) disproportionately impacts marginalized populations, making it a critical issue for public health initiatives.
The Ministry of Health has taken a significant step forward by completing a pilot study in Hoima District to evaluate a new pediatric drug designed specifically for children aged 2 to 5 years. This group had previously been underserved by existing treatments for Bilharzia. The drug, called Pediatric Praziquantel, is a specially formulated tablet that represents a major breakthrough in treating young children in endemic regions like Hoima and Bugiri.
Dr. Hilda Kyarisiima, a Senior Medical Officer in the Vector Control Division at the Ministry of Health, explained that the pilot study was conducted between March and May 2025 in Buseruka and Kiganja sub-counties. During the release of the pilot results at the Hoima District Headquarters, she emphasized the importance of this new treatment for vulnerable children. "This drug is a game changer in the treatment of young children who are highly susceptible to Bilharzia in these areas," she said.
Hoima and Bugiri were selected for the pilot due to their high disease prevalence among Uganda’s 96 most affected districts. The new formulation has received approval from the World Health Organization (WHO) for use in young children. The drug, manufactured by a Brazilian pharmaceutical company, was distributed during mass treatment campaigns in Rwentare Village, Tonya Parish (Buseruka Sub-County), and Kibiro in Kiganja Sub-County.
In Buseruka, 1,313 out of 1,491 registered children were treated, achieving an 88.1% coverage rate. In Kiganja, 1,132 out of 1,314 children received the drug, reaching 86.1% coverage. Both figures surpassed the WHO's minimum target of 75%, highlighting the success of the initiative.
Mr. Isingoma Thomas, the Hoima District Vector Control Officer, praised the Ministry of Health for its data-driven approach in implementing the new treatment. Meanwhile, Mr. Hillary Tumusiime, Secretary for Social Services in Hoima District, pointed to the unregulated movement of Congolese nationals along the Lake Albert shoreline as a contributing factor to the continued spread of Bilharzia.
Mr. Michael Kyakashari, the Hoima Deputy Resident District Commissioner, attributed the persistence of the disease to poor sanitation practices among lakeside communities. He urged local leaders to intensify efforts around sanitation, particularly in increasing latrine coverage. "Hoima should not be known for diseases like Bilharzia. We must act to improve sanitation and reduce the disease burden," he stated.
Bilharzia remains a major public health concern in Uganda, affecting millions of people, especially those in vulnerable communities. The introduction of Pediatric Praziquantel offers a promising solution to address the needs of young children in endemic areas. As the Ministry of Health continues to roll out this treatment, there is hope for a significant reduction in the impact of Bilharzia on affected populations.
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